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Due to the effect of boundary layer, the effective flow radius is less than the tube radius (Eq. 31).
The effects of micro-inertia on the effective flow stress (overall apparent stress) are characterized by analytical means and are shown to be significant at high loading rates.
As mentioned earlier, two effects were produced by the wall coating layer: a slight reduction in the effective flow area and a drastically increased hydrodynamic roughness (k s).
Mechanical wear enlarges the gaps and decreases the effective flow rate.
A special work-piece-cum-fluid collecting chute is designed to measure the effective flow rate.
The entrance length affects the effective flow rate that the flame sees at the base region.
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In practice, the effective flow-through time is reduced.
In 1991 the Council of Logistics Management, a trade organization based in the United States, defined logistics as: "the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, services, and related information from point of origin to point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements".
These are also important factors in enabling the efficient and effective flow of information and the allocation of resources in a supply chain (Buxton and Tait 2012).
Today it is more obvious than ever that many African countries do not have good epidemiological surveillance systems in place that permit the rapid and effective flow of information on health threats.
To estimate the amount of air flow through an opening, it is necessary to know the pressure difference across the opening and its effective flow area.
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