The evidence for association at the locus in the Irish/UK sample appeared to be driven by these duplication cases.
In this case, the duplication event will be counter-selected.
On the one hand, even though we can crudely assess the time when the duplication event happened, in most cases it doesn't make sense to distinguish which copy is the ancestral one and which copy is the created one from this duplication [ 45].
Thus, the decrease of aHG surface area in cases of duplication did not differ according to the duplication type.
The heterozygous duplication case is considered in Supplementary Figure S2.
The transition matrices are also very similar across random initializations for both the no-duplication (0.73 0.99) and duplication cases (0.68 0.99).
To eliminate duplication, cases were further restricted to the first admission of the calendar year for each individual, both within and between the detoxification and substance abuse treatment program datasets.
But until more duplication cases can be identified, the control-deletion axial comparison will have to substitute for the duplication-deletion axial comparison.
It appears that both deletion cases and duplication cases were lumped together in the burden test.
When collapsing nodes correspond to duplication cases, our results suggest host switches in the Thaparocleidus-Pangasiidae system precluding congruence between host and parasite trees.
