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A comparison is reasonably straight forward as the downstream selection for improved cefotaxime resistance is based on a simple functional assay for growth on an agar plate in the presence of increasing concentrations of cefotaxime, which is expected to be equivalent between laboratories.
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Both the wild-type spo0A and the synonymous spo0A variants were inserted with a downstream selection marker.
During classical screening procedures, much effort is dedicated to repetitive tests, isolation and sequencing of clones, at completion of multiple, downstream selection cycles.
Further downstream, selection or dating analyses are common, but again, they often suffer from the use of outdated methods that are based on pairwise comparisons or make overly simplistic assumptions.
The positive hits will be subsequently submitted to downstream selections regarding major issues linked to bacterial strains such as uptake and avoidance by the efflux system.
More recent studies focused on the downstream effects on target selection by edited miRNAs.
For a dual support structures cone flow meter, known as a DSSC, the selection of the downstream support position can greatly affect the discharge coefficient and linearity error below a certain range ratio.
Because the downstream neo gene used for selection could interfere with proper expression of the mutant protein, the floxed neo cassette was excised by crossing to the rosa26 Cre mice (Cre step in Fig. 1B) [26], and neo excision was confirmed by Southern Blot (Fig. 1D).
We have previously shown that in the Drosophila insulin/target of rapamycin (TOR) signal transduction pathway there is a correlation between the pathway position and the strength of purifying selection, with the downstream genes being most constrained.
The presence of an RNA secondary structure (nt 1 355-1 384) within the long 5′-UTR enhances the selection of the downstream AUG1397-1399 as the initiation codon to produce the 50-kDa isoform, whereas the two upstream RNA secondary structures (nt 1 255-1 268 and nt 1 286-1 342), involving sequences transcribed from two different chromosomes, are required to produce the 56-kDa isoform.
Altogether, these results suggest that the pattern of nucleotide variation along the insulin pathway is driven by gene expression level rather than by pleiotropic constraints or increased purifying selection in the downstream elements in relation to their function in mediating the cellular response.
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