Exact(3)
From Fig. 2, it is already possible to evaluate how the symmetry of the distribution has changed during the recent crisis.
At the secondary level, the gender difference in favour of males observed up to TIMSS 1999, at the lower and at upper tail of the distribution, has changed since the year 2000 in both the IEA and PISA surveys: at the lower tail, girls tend to perform somewhat better than males, and the male advantage at the upper tail tends to fade away across time.
This is an example of the classic change detection problem: how many samples from a signal distribution are needed to determine whether or not the distribution has changed (Buracas et al., 1998; Deneve, 2008; Wark et al., 2009)?
Similar(55)
These groups could then be compared to evaluate if the distributions have changed.
The shapes of the distributions have changed little compared to the plots of Figs. 4 and 7 and the basic 3D model still fails to provide a good account of conditions like Fig. 9c while the shape-based model provides a better account for conditions like Fig. 9h.
The effect of this conditional mean increase can be seen in panel a, where it is shown that the location of the price distribution has changed from the first period to the second.
Although the period analysed is relatively short, results suggest that the temperature distribution has changed showing an increase in monthly temperatures in May, July and September since the activation of the program; this is coherent with national studies on climate change, which have suggested an increase in temperatures in Italy with an elongation of the summer season [ 27, 28].
These would all benefit from knowledge of how the climate distribution has changed at particular locations".
The analysis concludes that the financial products distribution has changed during the crisis (2008-2012), it has increased the weight of the products designed to liquidity, and the crisis effects are higher for smaller and older companies.
A second difficulty concerns the interpretation of data in the Ministry of Health registers as the mode of distribution has changed over time.
In trueness testing, information whether the particle size distribution has changed during analysis is required.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com