Sentence examples for the direct defence from inspiring English sources

The direct defence mechanism did not lead to such a large increase.

Previous studies have shown that A. nemorum is relatively insensitive to phenolic glycosides that constitute a cornerstone in the direct defence in Salix (Rank et al. 1998; Stenberg et al. 2010, 2011).

Aspartic proteases (spots n° 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 48, 57, 99, 102, 103, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 123, 124, 126, 129, Figure 1B) have also been proposed to be involved in the direct defence against pathogens and in signalling processes by releasing systemic signal molecules after fungal protein degradation [ 51, 55].

We know of at least two types of inducible defence responses: the direct defences that inhibit the growth or development of herbivorous insects and the indirect defences that include the plant volatiles, which may, for example, attract the parasitoids and predators of the herbivore [ 15, 16].

However, when a herbivorous insect resists these direct defences, the plant may employ indirect mechanisms in response to both the physical damage caused by the insects and to the chemicals that they release.

The T-oak genotypes seem to follow the strategy of constitutive direct defence against the herbivores with the success to become less defoliated by the green oak leaf roller than S-oaks [ 29].

All selected serpin genes except OsSRP-FAS (no expression signal detected) were expressed at highest levels (relative to Actin) in roots, which might be due to the involvement of one or more of the serpins in direct defence against pest/pathogen (exogenous) proteinases from soil-borne organisms.

Furthermore, a constitutive defence can perhaps lead to a reduction in the number of attackers because, when volatile substances act as a direct defence, the insects may not even lay their eggs on the resistant plants.

This indicates that in some cases the suppression of induced direct defence by insect oral secretion might be adaptive for both plant and herbivore.

1) You report that the role of lox mediated direct defence and its associated volatiles is determining damage on the plot level, not affecting focal or neighbouring plants.

If the mortality analysis is unreplicated as described in the cover letter, please justify why it is still appropriate to use the statistical test that you used. 1) You report that the role of lox mediated direct defence and its associated volatiles is determining damage on the plot level, not affecting focal or neighbouring plants.