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LES/ODT coupling is bi-directional and occurs both through the direct calculation of the subgrid turbulent stress by temporally and spatially filtering the ODT-resolved momentum fluxes (up-scale coupling), and through the LES-resolved pressure and velocities impacting the ODT behavior (down-scale coupling).
An analytical statistical hybrid model was developed for the direct calculation of the frame height variation.
This paper describes a methodology for the direct calculation of noise from realistic nozzle geometries.
Practical computations for the direct calculation of the interactions between all the particles are thereby limited to n < 10,000.
An event-driven scheme is used which is based on the direct calculation of the state transition time instants between these states.
The second approach is based on the direct calculation of the distribution of temperature inside droplets assuming that their thermal conductivity is not infinitely large.
The residual error can also be significantly suppressed by the number of iterations, compared to that of the direct calculation of tool's dwelling-time.
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The more accurate predictions provided by the direct calculations methods show that the actual hull girder reliability in sagging is significantly smaller.
For random distributions of waviness, the predictions using this engineering approach are in good agreement with the direct calculations of strength using the finite element method.
This paper reports a new approach for the direct calculations of the pull-in parameters of electrostatic actuators using a lumped two degrees of freedom (L2DOF) pull-in model.
More detailed simulations, including the direct calculations of the tunneling characteristics and optical gain, are necessary to optimize the structure design.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com