However, when breast cell lines are cultured on normal tissue culture two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, they do not recapitulate the differentiated structures seen in vivo.
These anural, or 'tail-less', Molgula species produce immotile larvae lacking the differentiated structures that are required for swimming (Swalla and Jeffery, 1990; Kusakabe et al., 1996), and some species even appear to bypass the larval stage altogether (Tagawa et al., 1997; Maliska and Swalla, 2010).
The Neo-Confucians defend these earlier views against what they saw as Buddhist attacks by claiming that the differentiated structure of the world we live in is real.
We have previously observed that this gene is up-regulated in the most differentiated structures of the mammary gland (lobules type 4) and silenced in breast cancer progression [ 27].
As previously described in hFK sections (Metsuyanim et al, 2009), Ncam1 in mouse organ culture was found expressed in the CM, as well as the earliest differentiated structures (renal vesicle, comma and S-shaped bodies).
The more differentiated structures being apparent after treatment with 17β-oestradiol in the original 3366 tumour were not induced in the resistant line.
In this system, FGF2 was both essential and sufficient for the formation of more differentiated structures, the lentoid bodies (Yang et al. 2010).
In the case of the air pouch model, this interference would come from highly differentiated structures in the overlying subcutaneous and cutaneous tissues such as striated muscle, adipocytes, hair follicles, sweat glands and epithelium, all of which possess unique gene expression patterns that would complicate a microarray analysis further.
In vitro, their life cycle shows the formation of two differentiated structures: a vegetative substrate mycelium and a reproductive aerial mycelium.
In such remarkable ways, organisms can be made of cells descended from a single cell, can all contain the same entire genome, and yet can form complex differentiated structures that make the sophisticated ways of life found on earth possible.
The apparently simple morphology, scarcely differentiated structures, metabolic systems and enzymes still active at very low temperatures, and reduced life cycles shown by such fungi make them particularly suited to harsh environments such as the McMurdo Dry Valleys.
