A third process of bio-objectification relates to the patients participating in these clinical biobanking endeavors and the roles they are expected to take up vis-à-vis the tissue and data procured from them.
Thirdly, it was important for comparison purposes to use refractive data procured under the same conditions as that used for the earlier groups of children.
Thirdly, practices of residual use of human tissue and data procured in the context of healthcare often do not directly fall under the remit of most clinical research legislation.
We defined up-to-date (UTD) vaccination coverage as the proportion of children vaccinated between 12 and 59 months of age for DTP vaccines and between 18 and 59 months of age for MCV.> Initially, we assessed UTD vaccination coverage using data procured from health cards and/or recalled by the parents.
This interest is based on data procured from linkage analyses of AD risk and the LDLR gene, preliminary data from population and case-control studies, and the importance of LDLR function in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis via apoE metabolism, whose e4 allele is the most important risk factor for 'sporadic' AD besides age.
For instance, there is a long history of changing techniques and forms of research building on isolating, banking and manipulating human tissue for research purposes (Landecker 2007), and residual use of human tissue and data procured for medical purposes is common in modern medicine as well.
Regardless of how the data are procured, it is crucial that the samples correspond to the scientific and clinical context of interest, as described in the previous section.
However, clinical research has been impeded by the lack of knowledge on the biology of this extracellular DNA and the low signal to noise ratio in the procured data.
In addition, a related law review article by Mrs. Bienen details dyspepsia-inducing costs via data she procured from the state and Cook County treasurer's offices.
Population data was procured from the Directorate of Census Operations, Karnataka (http://censuskarnataka.gov.in).
