This may have resulted in the reports of current substance use, especially among the new arrivals in the prison.
Compared to their age-matched peers in the general population (ie, based on the findings of the 2010 NDSHS 13), the patients in this study showed some differences in the rates of current substance use.
The magnitude of current substance usage among physical restrained patients was high and 77 (29.6%) use alcohol; 54 (20.8%) smoke tobacco and 95 (36.5%) use Khat.
The exclusion criteria included current substance dependence, severe borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, life-threatening medical illness, acute suicidality or homicidality, or significant cognitive deficits or language problems.
Second, participants engage in interactive MI-based exercises that have been proven effective in prompting readiness to change by encouraging the participant to consider the costs and benefits of their current substance use and actual change.
All patients met the ICD-10 criteria for current substance dependence or abuse.
Patients will be further excluded from the study if they have current substance dependence or abuse, or psychosis.
Patients were excluded for other major psychiatric or somatic illness, alcohol abuse in the last 5 years and current substance abuse other than nicotine.
Furthermore, we implement a decisional balance [ 72] to pick up and graphically illustrate potential levels of ambivalence by offering the participants a list of possible pros and cons regarding the decision to change their current substance use [ 73].
Participants were asked about their lifetime and current substance use using the first two items of the World Health Organization's 'alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test' (WHO-ASSIST).
