By minimizing substitutions we are able to establish a relation between indels that could have occurred in the same position of the compared genomes, identifying genomic regions that could be subject to these continuous mutations.
Antigenic drift is caused by continuous mutation of the genomes due to the high error rate of the viral RNA-dependent RNA-polymerase.
A limitation of current vaccines is that the major vaccine targets, the antigenic regions of HA, are highly susceptible to continuous mutation in circulating epidemic virus strains [1], [2].
In order to evade the host immune system, the HA and NA proteins of both influenza A and influenza B viruses undergo continuous mutation and by this mean evade the host immune system.
The β-lactamase producing bacteria are increasing in number and cause more severe infections because of continuous mutation of their lactamase genes, many of them belonging to the TEM β-lactamase family [ 4, 8].
Real-time PCR assays using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes, molecular beacons, or TaqMan probes have been adapted for continuous mutation detection of amplification products in a closed system.
Furthermore, real-time PCR-based assays that use high resolution melting (HRM) and probe-based systems, FRET probes, molecular beacons, or TaqMan probes have been adapted for continuous mutation detection of amplified products in a closed system.
One of them is tatC, whose several continuous mutations were observed in the 3′-end and the stop codon was extended 27bp away.
Because mutations were introduced continuously because of the continuous irradiation, the mutations accumulated, causing a further increase in the mortality and abnormalities in the later generations.
