A variable that may impact the estimated association between the variable of primary interest and the outcome (via confounding, interaction, and etc).
Since we expect that each class will perform better after receiving the training as opposed to before receiving the training, regardless of time when the training is conducted, no confounding interaction between time of training and intervention is expected.
Furthermore, Köhne low- and intermediate-risk patients were more likely to have low VEGF baseline levels compared with the high-risk group, and subsequently, a potential confounding interaction between these variables cannot be definitively ruled out.
Purpose: To develop a framework for identifying and incorporating candidate confounding interaction terms into a regularised cox regression analysis to refine adverse drug reaction signals obtained via longitudinal observational data.
This approach corrected for any potentially confounding interaction between social networks and spatiotemporal differences in local population density (Farine et al., 2015).
Finally, genes with significant effects for each individual experimental factor and no confounding interaction term were assigned to groups A/B/C as appropriate.
In these and all subsequent experiments, we ran trials during a 6 h time window in the middle of the subjective day to avoid confounding interactions with the morning and evening peaks in activity.
Nonetheless, the presence of confounding interactions cannot be fully dismissed.
Given the possibility of confounding interactions, multivariate analysis was performed to determine significant, independent predictive factors.
Problems in decision making may be accrued from the presence of hidden confounding interactions, spurious relationships, lurking variables at work.
