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The concrete behavior is accurately captured in a large range of temperature and stress states.
Moreover, to forecast the concrete behavior on the site, a simple thermodynamical approach of the cementitious matrix behavior through the study of the hydration kinetics is described.
A Split Hopkinson pressure bar equipment was used to determine the concrete behavior at strain rates from 40 to 300 s−1.
Damage and plasticity are the two important features for a realistic representation of the concrete behavior.
The models could also include climate change effects to study the concrete behavior under new environmental constraints.
Cicekli et al. (2007) and Qin et al. (2007) proved that damaged plasticity model could provide an effective method for modeling the concrete behavior in tension and compression.
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From this point on, many concentric models were developed that represented the confined concrete behavior based on tests of plain and reinforced concrete in a form of fractional or exponential functions.
Changes in the present evaluation strategies, such as devising new mandatory guidelines including the description of concrete behavior patterns and/or objective behavior tests, are required to enable a meaningful, genetic selection for, and thus improvement of personality traits.
The presence of confining lateral steel in columns, when externally retrofitted with FRP, changes the mechanism of concrete behavior.
The same models were used to evaluate the effects on slab concrete behavior of confinement by lateral reinforcement and by a slab surrounding the column slab joint.
Research published recently has emphasized the importance of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) for characterizing concrete behavior in the field.
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