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The complete formulation is fully consistent with the thermodynamic laws.
The complete formulation is able to accurately predict both monotonic and cyclic tests at different crystallographic orientations.
The complete formulation of the analytical model, development of the numerical model and its validation against the crucible tests are presented.
The solution is obtained both in the slender-body approximation and in the complete formulation (without assuming a small angle between the axis of the body and the tangent to its contour).
The complete formulation accurately predicts both monotonic and cyclic tests at different crystallographic orientations for constant and variable temperature conditions (low cycle fatigue (LCF) and thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) tests).
In addition, in the complete formulation the optimum contours may include a leading or trailing flat end — a boundary extremum segment in the sense of both the longitudinal coordinate and the limit of applicability of Newton's formula.
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This paper provides the first complete formulation for the heuristic sequential method (St-Hilaire, Chamberland, & Pierre, 2005) that re-partitions the global formulation into the three conventional subproblems and solves them in sequence using a MIP solver.
The results demonstrate that the more complete formulation improves significantly model prediction of experimental data, thereby explaining the appearance of a catastrophic decrease in coagulation rates, which could not be rationalized within the classical theory of Brownian coagulation.
This method is proposed in order that spatial characteristics such as directivity patterns and direction-of-arrival are part of the reproduced sound field while preserving the model complete formulation that coherently combines frequency and spatial responses.
The main contributions of this article are (i) the first mathematically complete formulation and algorithm to identify transposition events (especially mobile element transpositions) and (ii) to remove ambiguity in variation discovery through 'conflict resolution' (enforcing at most two variants per locus).
The work contains a complete formulation of the laws of reflection and a detailed investigation of refraction, including experiments involving angles of incidence and deviation.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com