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The cooling time thus remains slightly larger than the free-fall time, and the collapse rate decreases.
As opposed to minihalos, photoheating is not able to significantly suppress accretion, since the virial temperature of the halo is of order the temperature to which the gas is heated, and momentum transfer by photons only mildly reduces the collapse rate (Johnson et al. 2011, 2012).
The collapse rate depends on the number, length scale and the degree of condensation of the inhomogeneities, and we find that for a range of values for these parameters, the protogalaxy takes significantly longer than a free fall time to collapse.
As an end-point of follow-up, all of the five included studies reported the collapse rate.
The collapse rate of the intervertebral space was reported to be 16.2% with a titanium cage and 8.7% with a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFEP) cage [ 26].
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The collapse rating of a screen/slotted liner is obtained by a modified analytical approach.
If the traditional polarimetric classification methods are used to extract the collapsed buildings, the oriented buildings can be easily misclassified as collapsed buildings, and the building collapse rate is likely to be overestimated.
The building collapse rate is calculated at the scale of the city block and is defined as the ratio of the collapsed buildings to the total buildings of one block.
Muramatsu (1963) pointed out the sharp changes in the vertical displacements around Gifu City, from uplift to subsidence, and the high collapse rate of houses along the Gifu-Ichinomiya line.
The damage level of one block can be indexed by the building collapse rate.
The same author in a recent publication of 53 hips at 10-year follow-up reported a 29% collapse rate in the precollapse stage of ON (10 of 34 hips) following 3 years of continuous alendronate use at 70 mg weekly [ 16].
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