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A Weibull psychometric function was fit to the collective staircase data to produce a 50% contrast energy threshold (Note: the chance performance for a 1-of-8 identification task is ∼ 13%).
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Finally, since these saccades would only be directed at the correct location 50% of the time, chance performance was determined to be 23%.
In phases 2 and 3, some subjects were unable to perform the tasks above chance performance levels even at the longest SOAs, despite several (four to six) immediate repetitions of the task and despite pilot testing all of the psychophysical measures prior to finalizing various paradigm parameters.
The dotted horizontal lines on the bars represent chance performance for each manipulation type from the results of the Monte Carlo simulation.
For example, empirical ROC data will decrease toward the diagonal line of chance performance the more that (1) the memory signals for targets and foils overlap and/or (2) the confidence criteria vary from decision to decision (Wickelgren & Norman, 1966).
For the detection task, chance performance was the same as Experiment 1, 50%.
In contrast the poor, below chance performance in the gap condition indicates that some inherent biases are hard to overcome in such perceptual learning tasks (see also Head et al. 1998; Kelber 2002; Miller and Pawlik 2013).
So, our method constitutes categorization accuracy in conjunction with correct recognition of old partners, a chance level of the perceived proportion of partner types among old and new partners recognized as old, and the correction for chance performance by taking the simple difference between accuracy and chance level.
The full horizontal lines on the bars represent chance performance for each manipulation type based on subjects' responses on the original image trials.
The dashed line represents the line of chance performance.
The grey dotted lines on the bars represent chance performance for each manipulation type.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com