Engine design progressed little during the '70s and early '80s when engineers were overwhelmed by the challenges of pollution-control regulations.
19 China, currently, faces an arduous task of addressing the challenges of environmental pollution.
Although Salam's letter is directed at an individual study, it highlights some of the challenges of air pollution and pregnancy outcome studies more broadly.
Its recommendations are summarized here, and a possible timetable is outlined for introduction across Europe in response to the challenges of climate change, pollution and energy security posed by our existing reliance on fossil fuels.
In order to meet the challenges of growing air pollution for a developing nation and to measure the ambient fine particles (PM2.5, particles having aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) on routine basis an air sampler was designed, developed and evaluated in the field.
This is vital as plant science expands to meet the challenges of climate change, pollution and pressures from human population growth.
"We are determined to use technology to help tackle the challenge of air pollution in London and across the UK.
Mitigating black carbon (BC) emissions from various combustion sources has been considered an urgent policy issue to address the challenges of climate change, air pollution and health risks.
The impact of environmental change may further exacerbate current challenges of pollution and overuse by increasing the rate of sea level rise as well as altering rates of nutrient and sediment delivery into the system (Scavia and others 2002).
Recently, different approaches have been proposed and utilized in addressing the challenges of estimating personal exposure to air pollution.
Though the built environment is one of our most important habitats, current research in the area has focused mainly on the challenges of balanced transportation, urban sprawl, air pollution due to increased traffic, and the diminishing natural environment.
