Owned by the council of the Landes département, the camp operated until 1987, at times with the SNCF as benefactor.
Initially, the camp operated as a hostel, but it has responded to the changing nature of the refugee crisis, and temporary shelter has become permanent.
Possibly they were made to show Richard Baer, the new commandant, how the camp operated; or to be sent to Berlin to show officials how efficiently the camp was run.
Instructors at the camp operate one of the most grueling courses in jungle warfare and survival, opening it to Special Forces from around the world, like the Navy Seals.
The resumption of the camp, operated by Charles F. Long II of the America's Buffalo Soldiers Re-Enactors Association, has horrified some parents of former campers, who contend that Mr. Long's staff is unqualified to recognize the kind of emergency that led to the death of Anthony Haynes on July 1, after complications from exposure to intense desert heat, according to the autopsy report.
The camp operated officially until 23 July 1944, when the imminent arrival of Soviet forces led to its abandonment.
A German surgeon volunteering in the camp operated on the three, saving SreyRam's life and then - against great odds her mother's as well.
The camp operated officially between 23 July 1942 and 19 October 1943 as part of Operation Reinhard, the most deadly phase of the Final Solution.
But that camp operates right to the end, until the Russians liberate it.
