To examine whether Anx2 and Gag interact at the site of viral assembly, we cotransfected 293T cells with a molecular clone expressing Anx2 and the infectious clone HIV-1YU2, an M-tropic provirus cloned from the brain of a patient with the AIDS dementia complex [59], [60].
Other SPM are inspired by a growing evidence of the brain as a complex network which may be in one of several states (Lopes da Silva et al. 2003; Bassett and Bullmore 2006).
The brain is a complex collection of billions of neurons, like a massive telephone exchange sending signals in all directions.
Cerebral ischemia, resulting from occlusion or hemorrhaging of blood vessels supplying the brain, triggers a complex series of physiological, biochemical and gene expression changes ultimately mediating neuronal injury and activation of cell death mechanisms.
The capacity of human memory is bounded by 10(^{8432}) bits, i.e.: begin{aligned} M_mathrm{b}= & {text{ C }}_{n}^{,k} =frac{n!}{k!, n-k)!} nonumber = & frac{10^{11}!}{10^3!, n-k{11}-10^3)!} nonumber = & 10^{8432} end{aligned} (52)The frac{10^{11}he magnitude of the human memory capacity on the order as high as 10(^{8432}{10^3s reveals an interesting mechanism of the brain as a complex system.
Moreover, many disorders of the brain have a complex genetic underpinning, and thus it is not currently possible to fully recapitulate the complex genetic landscape in traditional animal models.
Genetic, pathological, biochemical, animal and cell modeling studies provide strong support for the general hypothesis that accumulation of misfolded, aggregated proteins in the brain triggers a complex series of events that result in neuronal degeneration [ 1- 4].
At large scales the brain is a complex network of anatomical structures, or neural populations, with the small-world characteristics of dense local clustering between neighboring populations and a short path length between any two populations.
After learning something new, the brain initiates a complex set of post-learning processing that facilitates recall (i.e., consolidation).
While these reports are consistent with a memory related function of sleep, the brain is a complex organ, and comparative evidence suggests that functionally specific regions have changed in size independently of whole brain size [16].
