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Pharmacomicrobiomic studies that aim to investigate the bidirectional effects between the gut microbiome and drugs need to consider that the gut microbiome is itself a complex trait.
In contrast, for girls there were multiple paths to elevated depressive symptoms over adolescence involving the bidirectional effects between life event and depressive symptom reporting at 14 and 17 years.
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Furthermore, they propose that these bidirectional effects between GCase and α-syn might form a self-propagating positive-feedback loop in PD and other synucleinopathies (Fig. 1).
These findings provide some novel insights into gender-differentiated sensitivity to the environment, the role of timing and maturation on associations with adversities, the impact of emotionality on depressive symptoms over time, and the potential bidirectional effects between social and cognitive systems in the adolescent years.
The results of structural equation modeling showed bidirectional effects between father child conflict and social competence.
The heterogeneous nature of the 5-HT receptor family underlies the bidirectional effect of the neurotransmitter.
Therefore, it is impossible to know the causal order of the observed associations, and the existence of bidirectional effects, for example, between the consumption of sweetened products and daytime sleepiness.
Furthermore, the percent distribution of effects indicated the possible bidirectional effects of ageing and urbanization on disability prevalence.
Using a longitudinal design, the objective of our study was to investigate possible bidirectional effects and sex differences between adolescents' experienced school bonding and self-rated delinquency over time.
The results showed that modafinil had bidirectional effects in the two groups [ 42].
This study of a breast cancer patient with cancer-related fatigue (CaRF) and depression investigated the bidirectional cause-effect relations between cellular immune activity, fatigue and mood during 'life as it is lived'.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com