Used and loved by millions
Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com
the below paragraph
Grammar usage guide and real-world examplesUSAGE SUMMARY
The phrase "the below paragraph" is not standard in written English; the correct form is "the paragraph below." You can use it when referring to a specific paragraph that follows in the text.
Example: "Please read the paragraph below for more information on the topic."
⚠ May contain grammatical issues
Science
News & Media
Alternative expressions(2)
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Human-verified examples from authoritative sources
Exact Expressions
4 human-written examples
The original (now defunct and ICO sanctioned) ISA between the pair does include the below paragraph — granting DeepMind the ability to anonymize the Royal Free patient data-set "for research" purposes.
News & Media
In this respect, we added the below paragraph to the end of the subsection "Neural substrates": Such orosensory-based approximation of nutritional content, could have been obtained through evolutionary processes (Breslin, 2013), as well as through prior learning (Beeler et al., 2012; Swithers et al., 2009, 2010).
Science
The below paragraph shows the corrected results and our conclusion was also revised as: "This meta-analysis indicates that high-dose (≥30 Gy) radiotherapy provides higher 1-year OS rate than low-dose (<30 Gy) radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced lung cancer; however, the symptom palliation and 2-year OS are similar between high-dose and low-dose radiotherapy".
Science
With the approval of the organizer, each attendee of the talk was given an information sheet and a short questionnaire asking about the sampling criteria (see the below paragraph for the inclusion criteria) and their contact methods if they consented to participate in the study.
Science
Human-verified similar examples from authoritative sources
Similar Expressions
56 human-written examples
In the following scenarios (see below paragraph) we assume for simplicity of the discussion that the genes that are more highly expressed in females are related to synapse density.
Science
See below, paragraph 3.3.
If you are interested in the people who gave out the award, the paragraph below is an introduction taken from their Site.
News & Media
The app maker's own FAQ also contains the below headscratcher of a paragraph — which appears to suggest that a drunk person who is too drunk to consent to sex is not too drunk to fashion a 'lie' about their own sobriety level.
News & Media
However, when looking for conserved Pfam motifs (see below the paragraph on the putative role of LGRs), we found a conserved domain present in mycoplasmal lipoproteins in LgrA, LgrB, LgrE and LgrF, suggesting that these LGRs exhibit a prokaryotic membrane attachment site probably acting as a membrane anchor [ 25].
Science
I would suggest the authors add the reference below into the paragraph 2, first sentence: Bergeron P, Bourget E (1986) Shore topography and spatial partitioning of crevice refuges by sessile epibenthos in an ice disturbed environment.
Science
See below the paragraph added in the manuscript text: "In order to determine if the ribosome profiling signal in lncRNAs was different from noise, we compared ribosome density in the transcripts it to that in 3'untranslated regions (3'UTRs).
Science
Expert writing Tips
Best practice
When directing readers to subsequent information, be specific. Instead of "the below paragraph", clarify what aspect of the text is relevant to their understanding.
Common error
Avoid using "below" directly before a noun like "paragraph". This construction is grammatically incorrect. Instead, use "the paragraph below" where "below" functions as an adverb modifying "paragraph".
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested
Linguistic Context
The phrase "the below paragraph" is intended to serve as a directive, pointing the reader to a subsequent section of text. However, its grammatical structure is not standard, as highlighted by Ludwig. It is meant to guide attention to the paragraph that follows.
Frequent in
Science
50%
News & Media
50%
Formal & Business
0%
Less common in
Wiki
0%
Encyclopedias
0%
Reference
0%
Ludwig's WRAP-UP
In summary, while "the below paragraph" aims to direct readers to a subsequent section of text, it is grammatically incorrect. Ludwig AI suggests that the correct and preferred alternative is "the paragraph below" or "the following paragraph". Although it appears across different source types, including science and news media, its non-standard structure makes it less suitable for formal writing. When aiming for clarity and grammatical correctness, it's best to avoid this phrase.
More alternative expressions(10)
Phrases that express similar concepts, ordered by semantic similarity:
the paragraph below
Replaces "below" with "paragraph below", which is grammatically correct.
the following paragraph
Uses "following" as a more common synonym for "below" in this context.
the subsequent paragraph
Employs "subsequent" for a more formal tone, indicating the paragraph that comes after.
the paragraph underneath
Replaces "below" with "underneath" indicating position.
see paragraph below
Omits the article "the" for a more concise instruction.
refer to the paragraph below
Adds the verb "refer" to explicitly direct attention to the following paragraph.
as detailed in the paragraph below
Specifies that the paragraph below provides further details.
for more information, see the paragraph below
Adds context indicating the purpose of referring to the paragraph below.
the text below
Uses the broader term "text" instead of specifically referring to a "paragraph".
the section below
Refers to a larger "section" of text, not just a paragraph.
FAQs
Is "the below paragraph" grammatically correct?
No, "the below paragraph" is not considered grammatically correct in standard English. The correct phrasing is "the paragraph below" or "the following paragraph".
What's a better alternative to "the below paragraph"?
Instead of "the below paragraph", it's preferable to use phrases like "the paragraph below", "the following paragraph", or "the text below" for clarity and grammatical correctness.
How can I use "the paragraph below" in a sentence?
You can use "the paragraph below" to direct the reader's attention to information that follows. For example: "For more details, see the paragraph below."
What's the difference between "the below paragraph" and "the paragraph below"?
"The below paragraph" is grammatically incorrect, as "below" is not used correctly as an adjective. "The paragraph below" is the correct and commonly accepted way to refer to the subsequent paragraph.
Editing plus AI, all in one place.
Stop switching between tools. Your AI writing partner for everything—polishing proposals, crafting emails, finding the right tone.
Table of contents
Usage summary
Human-verified examples
Expert writing tips
Linguistic context
Ludwig's wrap-up
Alternative expressions
FAQs
Source & Trust
82%
Authority and reliability
2.8/5
Expert rating
Real-world application tested