Exact(35)
Each and every type of "ought", be it religious, moral or legal, must presuppose a certain point of view, a point of view which is constituted by the basic norm of the relevant normative system.
But in both cases, as, in fact, with any other normative system, the presupposition of the basic norm is logically required only of those who regard the relevant norms as reasons for their actions.
God's commands, however, would only have normative validity for those who presuppose the basic norm of their respective religion, namely, that one ought to obey God's commands.
Joseph Raz has called these kinds of statements "detached normative statements"; the anarchist argues as if she endorses the basic norm, without actually endorsing it.
Let us now see how Kelsen thought that the basic norm helps to explain the sense in which law is a normative domain and what this normativity consists in.
The normative content of this presupposition is what Kelsen has called the basic norm.
Similar(25)
We have a president who neither understands nor respects the basic norms of American democracy.
The international community should support that kind of effort, and reinforce it by assuring the basic norms of international law.
Trump is unstable, a liar, narcissistic, contemptuous of the basic norms of political life, and deeply embedded among the most paranoid and irrational of conspiracy theorists.
President Trump's behavior, however, represents a different kind of change — one that threatens the basic norms underlying our system of government.
"It's antithetical to the basic norms of science to make claims that cannot be validated because the necessary data are proprietary," he wrote.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com