To see this, it's helpful to divide the causal relations appealed to by functionalism into the backward-looking and the forward-looking.
Only in the special case, where there is only one way from \(A\) to \(B\), the backward-looking and the forward-looking criteria (i.e., distance from \(A\) and distance to \(B \) determine each other.
They were asserting a European identity and rejecting the backward-looking, post-Soviet vision of Mr Yanukovych and the corruption that flourished on his watch.
Color is always a crucial element in Mr. Rauch's work, but here his palette is loaded with gravy-browns that add to the backward-looking aura.
Bowie continued to record into the 21st century, although a fallow period that followed the release of the backward-looking Reality (2003) led to speculation that he had retired.
It is something to be celebrated - as we do across the political spectrum in Scotland - and is the antithesis of the backward-looking, insular and intolerant politics of UKIP.
In 1896 Matisse exhibited four paintings at the backward-looking Salon de la Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts and scored a triumph; he was elected an associate member of the Salon society, and his Woman Reading (1894) was purchased by the government.
The rally's setting, on O'Connell Street in Dublin outside the General Post Office, said it all: It was the epicenter of Ireland's 1916 rebellion against British rule, now redolent of the backward-looking and helpless gloom that has descended on Ireland since it became the latest victim of Europe's debt crisis.
The exceptions have mainly been examples of the backward-looking, second-generation tradition, films like the "Godfather" cycle, an ambivalent epic of an Italian family's incomplete Americanization, or "Fiddler on the Roof," a sentimental journey back to the world of the Eastern European shtetl, from whence the grandparents and great-grandparents of so many American Jews had come.
Mr. Rashid shows how religion, ethnic factionalism and outside meddling combined in Afghanistan to produce a brutal sequel to the anti-Soviet war of the 1980's, bringing to power in the process the backward-looking, anti-female, drug-trading, terrorism-supporting, massacre-prone Taliban.
