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At each stage, the mean of each cluster, or the average of the variable values for the objects in the given cluster, is first calculated.
At a given location, Equation 9 becomes J ς (x ) = ∑ i = 1 M J Ω i L (x − c i ) ≈ ∫ x − L J Ω L ¯ (c ) ρ (c ) d c, where Ω L ¯ is the average of the variable tuning curves Ω i L. Small variations in the peak rate and grid fields will therefore average out, unless these variations are coherent across grid cells.
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To this end, the consensus paper decided to obtain three to five video clips per observation and report the average of the variables [28].
The overall cost matrix for each batch now becomes a function of the averages of the variable costs: begin{aligned} CM = begin{bmatrix} 0 & langle C_{FP}rangle langle C_{FN}rangle& 0 end{bmatrix} = frac{1}{sum_{i}1} begin{bmatrix} 0 & sumnolimits_{i}c_{fp}(i) sumnolimits_{i}c_{fn}(i) & 0 end{bmatrix}.
This method resembles the Model using mean exposure across visits as a summary, except now we regress the binary variable on the maximum, rather than the average, of the continuous variable: where and is defined as the vector of covariates at the visit of which the continuous variable assumes its maximum value for subject i.
Then, within each decile grouping, the predicted and actual number of trees that died were summed and plotted against the average of the predictor variable within each decile.
This score, the average of the individual variable scores, can be compared objectively across whole populations.
In this case, each spot volume will actually represent the average of the given variable (protein abundance) for the pooled random sample which, according to the central limit theorem, will be normally distributed between samples.
More interestingly than the averages of the variables are the relationships among them.
We first run this test with the Pesaran's mean group (MG) estimator, a model that allows for individual variation of the coefficients' slopes but does not take cross-sectional dependence into account (i.e., this is basically the same model as those presented in Table 1 without the augmentation with the averages of the variables or the common dynamic process).
The averages of the variables and the common dynamic process are the augmentation terms of the CCE and AMG estimators, respectively Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCE) and Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimators with robust and non-robust options estimated with the Eberhardt (2012) xtmg Stata routine Countries: Argentina, Australia.
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