BEC in atomic samples is one of the biggest things to hit the field of atomic physics since, I don't know, the Bohr model.
In many of these experiments the achievable frequency resolution is not limited by the bandwidth of the radiation sources used, but instead by the interaction times of the atomic or molecular samples with the radiation field.
It is found that the In 3d is almost undetectable on the surface of sample A and sample B. The atomic concentration of In (measured elements including Ga, In, O, and C) for samples A, B, and C is measured to 0.00%, 0.07%, and 0.49%, respectively.
The scattering occurs from the atomic nuclei of the sample and since the nucleus of an atom is only ~1/1,000 of the diameter of the atom, neutrons only interact weakly with matter and are consequently highly penetrating; millimeters of steel are essentially transparent.
The Pixel Array Detector, right, reads the landing point and from that the scattering angle of each electron, giving information about the atomic structure of the sample.
Hierarchical granular morphology has been observed from the atomic up to the sample size length scale, revealing scale independent grain size distribution.
Small energy losses are due to interactions with the atomic nuclei of the sample stain, and they backscatter with nearly the same energy as the probe electrons [21, 23].
This may be related to the surface smoothness at the atomic level of the sample, i.e., a rough surface of the silicon material produces more intermediate oxidation states.
Interpretation of this kind of image (also called Z-contrast images) is relatively straightforward, since the contrast is roughly proportional to the square of the atomic number at constant sample thickness [29, 30].
