The application of a variance function, which models the residuals as a function of the variance, was used to account for heteroscedastic errors.
Through the application of a normalisation function the sentiment of a message is represented as a value from a range of −100 to 100.
A two-class classification into 'cough' or 'other' was performed by the application of a distance function to a fast Fourier spectral sound analysis.
The watermarking process starts with the transformation of each quad and then proceeds with the application of a companding function (see [9] for detail) whose output values are classified into three categories,, and, according to specified characteristics.
This paper describes the application of a transfer function approach developed to model mass transport in a network of fractures subject to advection and dispersion within the fractures, and matrix diffusion.
The results demonstrated that the application of a weighting function adjusted by the standard deviation of the observed data optimizes the fit between the estimated and measured distances, while the improvement in fit between the estimated and actual distances is much smaller.
Maize kernel growth and development is a complex process, and the description of the processes involved benefits from the application of a nonlinear function to the process over growing degree days (GDD), a measure of heat accumulation over a period of development.
The application of a scoring function individually to each of the gene pairs (a,b) transformed the double-mutant fitness matrix W into a score matrix S, which preserves the dimensionality of the original fitness matrix, but has model residuals as its entries instead of the double-mutant fitness measurements.
Derivatives of Ψ use only available phenotypic measurements owing to the application of an indicator function [cf. Equations (5)–(7)].
These are summed to produce a net value, which is then transformed to an output value upon the application of an activation function.
