The second or deutocerebral appendage includes the jaw of onychophorans, the raptorial appendage of megacheirans, the antenna of insects and myriapods and the antennule of crustaceans, and the chelicera of chelicerates.
Each appendage includes not only the skeletal elements within the free portion of the limb but also the basal supporting structure, the limb girdle.
This latter appendage includes a gravestone.
In the tadpole tail, during the refractory period at which the tail normally does not regenerate (Fig. 3C and E), induction of proton pumping or sodium influx can kick-start the regeneration of an entire appendage including spinal cord, muscle, vasculature and peripheral innervation.
This plasmid added an N-terminal appendage (including a His6-tag) to the expressed protein.
Studies in humans have shown that MC5R immunoreactivity is detectable in the epithelium and appendages, including the sebaceous, eccrine, and apocrine glands.
We examined morphological abnormalities of the following structures: wing shape, including venation; color patterns of the ventral wings; appendages, including forelegs, midlegs, hindlegs, antennae, proboscis, and palpi; compound eyes; and other gross structures in the head, thorax, and abdomen.
Later, tsh contributes to the specification and patterning of adult appendages, including the leg, wing and eye (Bessa et al., 2009; Bessa and Casares, 2005; Bessa et al., 2002; Erkner et al., 1999; Singh et al., 2004; Singh et al., 2002; Soanes et al., 2001; Sun et al., 1995; Wu and Cohen, 2000; Wu and Cohen, 2002).
Estrogens have significant effects on skin physiology and modulate epidermal keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts and melanocytes, in addition to skin appendages including the hair follicle and the sebaceous gland.
Also, inhibition of Wnt signaling during skin wounding in mice prevents the formation of epithelial appendages, including hair and sweat glands, which results in prominent scarring of the epidermis [ 22].
