Black witnesses to these crimes often avoided the courtroom, fearful that testifying against a white man would bring their lives to an end.
Mr. Kerry said that testifying before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee last week completed a journey that began 42 years ago in front of that same committee when he testified as an activist opposed to the war in Vietnam.
Mr. Bou Meng said he hoped that testifying against Duch and seeing him convicted would free him from the restless ghosts and let him live what is left of his life in peace.
It is a measure of the varying interpretations inside the United States government that, testifying before the Senate Armed Services Committee, Adm. Samuel J. Locklear III, the head of the Pacific Command, called Mr. Kim " impetuous" and "more unpredictable" than his father.
4847 fears that testifying in and revealing his name in open court will disclose his identity," Mr. Comey's office wrote, and "jeopardize his safety and the safety of his family, and jeopardize his ability to continue his undercover work in New York".
Judge Sand admonished Mr. Salim that testifying was "not the occasion for a general statement about how you believe you have been treated, the conditions of your confinement, the fact that you have not been granted bail or any matters other than those relating to the events in Germany".
