The contacts between antigen and neutralizing antibody define a structural epitope, and methods have been developed to transplant epitopes to scaffold proteins for structural stabilization, and to design minimized antigens that retain one or more key epitopes while eliminating other potentially distracting or unnecessary features.
Mutants that retain one wild-type pten allele (ptena +/−ptenb −/− or ptena −/−ptenb +/−) are prone to develop endothelial-derived hemangiosarcomas later in life.
Moreover, large scale projects that aim at sequencing of full-length cDNA use normalization procedures to enrich low copy transcripts, and these procedures seem to increase the fraction of underspliced transcripts that retain one or several introns [ 26, 27].
Subsequent studies of genetically modified mice revealed that while bi-allelic loss of Becn1 is embryonically lethal, mice that retain one copy of the gene are viable, but have a higher incidence of lymphomas, lung and liver carcinomas, as well as mammary hyperplasia and accelerated formation of premalignant lesions induced by hepatitis B virus, compared with wild-type animals (Refs 34, 35).
Originally, BUSCO offers 3,023 ortholog groups of 41 vertebrates that retain one-to-one orthology in almost all of these species based on OrthoDB [ 29].
We found that retaining one fluorine on the dye scaffold allows for exquisite tuning of the physiochemical properties of the fluorophore while providing an attachment site for bioconjugate and multimodal imaging chemistries.
Furthermore, by comparing the number of gene categories that retained only one or multiple copies, genes involved in the response to phytohormone signaling were found to be significantly over-retained via gene fractionation following WGT in the genomes of B. rapa and B. oleracea.
In this study, the DNA molecules that retained after one-pot NaGdF4 Ce/Tb synthesis is directly utilized as biotemplate for CaP heterogeneous nucleation, thus the dual-purpose function of DNA is realized in the current study which could afford a new type of pH-responsive theranostic platform to enhance the therapeutic efficiency while minimizing side effects.
Interestingly, while the aneuploid population retained HLA expression for all HLA alleles examined, the diploid population was characterized by two populations of cells; one population that retained HLA expression, and one population (the largest tumor cell population) that demonstrated a loss of expression of both HLA-A and -B alleles.
