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This system specifically responds to an environmental cue (virus or plasmid invasion) by directed changes in the genome that provide adaptation to this particular cue (immunity).
Rapid mutations may occur in subsets of bacteria within individuals that provide adaptation for chronic infection and are linked to the development of antibiotic resistance [ 15].
Transfer of genes that provide adaptation to environmental conditions has been interpreted as altruism on the part of the organism sharing the gene, as the donor lineage does not increase in fitness as a consequence of the transfer.
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A feature of the proposed system is its model adaptation loop that provides adaptability to different sound environments.
Genomic characteristics associated with the emergence or reemergence of pathogens in livestock operations can be subdivided into two categories; (i) genomic features that increase the adaptation to a host, or facilitate the jump to a new host species, or (ii) genomic features that provide increased adaptation to environmental factors in the livestock environment, such as antibiotic resistance.
In those environments that provide potential for adaptation (as suggested by a high number of beneficials), μ is generally underestimated when only the single-nt subset of the data is used in fact, the maximum observed effect lies frequently above the proposed distance to the optimum estimated from the single-step data set.
Such local ecogeographic differentiation may enhance plant populations to evolve local ecological adaptations that provide an advantage under the prevailing conditions [ 2, 16].
An alternative approach is to focus on adaptation currents that provide negative feedback to slow the firing rate.
These expected benefits induce households to continue using various adaptation strategies that provide them with a maximum level of unobserved utility (Barberies 2013).
Therefore, the 29 variable regions described in C. jejuni may produce at least 229, or ∼536 million genotypes, and a potentially equal number of phenotypes that provide a substrate for rapid adaptation.
Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 also has a large number of mobile elements that provide a means of rapid adaptation [ 24].
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