Banks that once required buyers to put down half for an $11 million house now require only $3.5 million, Mr. Appel said.
Changes in medicine have eliminated the need for millions of blood transfusions, which is good news for patients getting procedures like coronary bypasses and other procedures that once required a lot of blood.
Work that once required thousands of clerks and loan officers can now be done by PCs equipped with Fair, Isaac's software.
With screen access, we can complete, on our own, the complex, multi-layered tasks that once required the group.
In addition, many procedures that once required days in the hospital are now performed as outpatient procedures at ambulatory care facilities.
Kobach, who helped draft the Arizona statute that once required police officers to check immigration status during routine traffic stops, also worked in the Department of Justice under President George W. Bush.
This is probably due to the fact that many more procedures that once required a longer admission to hospital are now done as a day admission.
Cognitive technologies are artificial intelligence-based systems that increasingly do tasks that once required humans.
In and around Salt Lake City, 16 of the 40 schools that once required uniforms have dropped them.
The new version of the computer now integrates on a single processor features that once required 32 individual chips.
And flights that once required long layovers are being streamlined so visitors can hit the beach before sundown.
