This is consistent with the general observation that earthworms are often observed on the surface the morning after a heavy rain, but does not suggest these earthworms have a short-latency response to the onset of rain that might be cued by vibrations.
Here we asked whether activation of a limbic CRF subsystem magnifies the increase in positive motivation for reward elicited by incentive cues previously associated with that reward, in a way that might exacerbate cue-triggered binge pursuit of food or other incentives?
Despite the contrasting features of these cases, we suggest that there are some commonalities that might provide cues and clues for promoting solutions for transitions to a low-carbon economy and society.
Using a reconstruction based on print media coverage over a 12-month period in Ireland, we present three contrasting short stories to suggest that there are some commonalities that might provide cues and clues for promoting solutions for transitions to a low-carbon economy and society.
The marking pheromone of male European beewolves comprises a complex blend of up to 55 compounds [ 38, 40] that might contain important cues for females to assess male quality and/or compatibility.
The tones are varied: some notes sound full, like a church organ; others sound like pizzicato violins; and, occasionally, they sound like the kind of sparkling musical cue that might greet a video-game character upon its acquisition of a new treasure.
All flowers were bagged in PET foil (Toppits® 'Bratschlauch', Melitta, Minden, Germany) to prevent direct induction of the flowers by any airborne cue that might be released from the leaves in response to these treatments.
In addition, Aoyama et al. [ 47] have proposed the existence of a local loss of auxin in protonemal apical cells that might serve as a cue during cell fate determination.
Indeed, in prior work we have found that responding to this target cue in the probe test is dissociable from even the smallest animal-by-animal differences in conditioned or unconditioned responding to the two outcomes used (Schoenbaum et al., 2011), indicating that it is not driven by any sort of shift in value that might accrue to the cue.
For example, in responses to predation threat, false alarms, such as generalising to a large set of cues that might indicate predator presence are clearly less detrimental errors than missing predator presence based on interpreting predators' cues too narrowly (Howe & Derbish, 2010).
