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Some biologists thought that the bacteria which extract the chemical energy, and thus form the base of the hydrothermal ecosystem's food chains, might be similar to those that lived before photosynthesis.
The story of the monstrous Neades, she said, "contains the germ of the idea of extinction" long before Cuvier; these fossils were interpreted as the remains of strange, oversized creatures that lived before humans, and were no more.
A revealing article published in the studio house organ Fox Folks tells us that the local Native Americans were used as extras to "give the impression of how the ruins looked when peopled by this prehistoric race that lived before the dawn of Christianity" 11-122).
Microsporidia and a few other organisms were thought to be relics of ancient eukaryotes that lived before mitochondria came along.
For prehistoric cultures (those that lived before the advent of writing), examining archaeological material is often the only way we can begin to understand how people in the deep past lived.
The team analyzed the projection of the brow ridge, facial shape, and cranial volume of 13 early Homo sapiens that lived before 80,000 years ago; 41 modern humans that lived 38,000 to 10,000 years ago; and skulls from a global sample of 1367 recent humans.
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"That's how we lived before," she said, "and that's how we will live now".
Is that a place you've lived before?
In Doctor Who, the Silurians are an advanced race of reptilian humanoids that lived long before the dawn of humanity and kept tyrannosaurs as pets.
When writing about the land it owns, the National Trust airbrushes the wildlife and ecosystems that lived there before the great clearances that created the open landscapes it preserves.
The extreme conditions under which the bacteria live bear a resemblance to those of early Earth, potentially offering insights into the nature of organisms that lived long before our planet had an oxygen atmosphere.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com