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However, as a major component of texture, roughness has rarely been explored.
A tactile interface is used to reproduce the information such as force (static and dynamic), texture, roughness, temperature, and shape.
Elemental composition, phase composition texture, roughness, microhardness, bilayer period, thickness and adhesion were determined using Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques, Vickers microhardness measurements and scratch test.
The fundamental shape properties of aggregate and ballast, including form (roundness, flatness, elongation, sphericity), angularity, and surface texture (roughness) have not been accurately quantified because of their irregular and non-ideal shapes.
Therefore, this paper employs moment of inertia as the measurement indicator of texture roughness.
The texture roughness can be measured through the distribution range of the units occupied by the histogram along the leading diagonal of the histogram.
Similar(51)
Many groups including our research group have uncovered the role of surface textures, roughness and the chemical nature on its wettability.
In addition, the cell culture studies showed that micro texture and roughness on the surface positively affected cell adhesion, proliferation and osteogenic activity.
Through a set of cutting tests, it is confirmed that the presented model predicts the surface texture and roughness parameters precisely.
Complementary scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interference microscopy (WLIM) measurements were used to monitor the changes in surface morphology, texture and roughness as a function of the dissolution time.
Elemental and phase composition, chemical bondings, texture, surface roughness, hardness, adhesion, tribological characteristics and erosive corrosive resistance were investigates as a function of gas composition and total gas flow rate, using XPS, GDOES and XRD techniques, surface profilometry, microhardness and scratch adhesion measurements, tribological and erosive tests.
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