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We developed standardised pilot-tested forms together with detailed instructions for screening of abstracts and full text, risk of bias assessment, and data collection.
For creating the sixteen cigarette packages for the main experiment each low threat and high threat photo was paired to one risk or coping text with the result that each of the sixteen images used to represent a cigarette package contained a unique combination of photo and health text (risk or coping text).
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Toubiana agrees that "French films are too expensive" but also worries that Maraval's text "risks pointing a finger at the whole system of financing of French cinema, which underpins its 'cultural exception': the requirement imposed on public and private TV channels to participate in the financing of films".
Touching the backstop text risks the EU seeming disloyal to member state Ireland, while caving in to departing member UK.
"The shock aspect ultimately may obscure the texting risk message," he said.
Every time you sneak a peek at a text, you risk killing the conversation.
The experiment varied the content of the health text (high risk vs. coping) and photo (high threat vs. low threat) as within-subjects factors and smoking status (smoker vs. non-smoker) as between-subjects factor.
The New York Times reported on a study of truckers that found that when drivers texted, their risk of crashing was 23 times higher than when they put down the phones.
The DA visualises text-based risk information by using combinations of 100-stick figure pictograms and bar graphs.
It can damage your lung and then your lung gets infected" (female, high health literacy, medium education) However, despite rewording of the text on risks (e.g., that 1 out of 20 patients that undergo this treatment, suffers from side-effects, instead of less than 5% of all radiation patients will have side-effects), this aspect was not correctly understood by all participants: "Well, that's 20%.
Eight coping texts and eight high risk texts were selected.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com