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But, he added, "We're starting to have the ability to understand data and images in the way we understand text queries".
For either Boolean or free text queries, you always want to do the exact same tokenization of document and query words, generally by processing queries with the same tokenizer.
Indeed, experimenting on a Westlaw subcollection, Turtle (1994) found that free text queries produced better results than Boolean queries prepared by Westlaw's own reference librarians for the majority of the information needs in his experiments.
The Boolean retrieval model contrasts with ranked retrieval models such as the vector space model (Section 6.3 ), in which users largely use free text queries, that is, just typing one or more words rather than using a precise language with operators for building up query expressions, and the system decides which documents best satisfy the query.
Beginning Section 6.2 we will in fact relax the requirement of matching specific regions of a document; instead, we will look at so-called free text queries that simply consist of query terms with no specification on their relative order, importance or where in a document they should be found.
The chemical information and corresponding annotations are subsequently stored in relational databases allowing for complex chemical and text queries.
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Search engines and other text retrieval systems use high-performance inverted indexes to provide efficient text query evaluation.
This is because digital libraries and search engines provide mostly text query options and rely on text annotations for representation and retrieval of the semantic content of images.
In a typical setting we have a collection of documents each represented by a vector, a free text query represented by a vector, and a positive integer.
Rather than relying on a text query, the service focuses on the ability to match shapes or objects that might be hard to describe in writing, said Munjal Shah, the chief executive of Riya.
Although the main web search engines differ by emphasizing free text querying, most of the basic issues and technologies of indexing and querying remain the same, as we will see in later chapters.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com