However, increasing evidence suggests that the context that biomolecules are presented to cells (e.g., as soluble verses tethered signals) can influence their bioactivity.
The shape of single cells and the composition of tethered matrix protein both influence the magnitude of traction stress applied and the resultant differentiation outcome.
Besides mosquito bites, which can create pruritus in pigs, general hygiene and differences in housing systems (loose versus tethered sows) must be anticipated to influence the rubbing index.
This suggests that Xbra binding in vivo is influenced by other factors, such as tethered binding to other proteins and chromatin accessibility (Neph et al., 2012).
Our data are consistent with observations that loss of MMP14 function disrupts both invadopodia formation and proteolytic activity., In summary, we have demonstrated that the PCP protein VANGL2 regulates MMP14 endocytosis and cell surface activity and that this membrane-tethered protease functions downstream of zebrafish Vangl2 to influence both ECM remodeling and gastrulation cell movements.
The goal of this study was to investigate the influence of aerodynamic factors on the static behavior of a tethered high-altitude lighter-than-air platform.
Studies in endothelial cells reveals that eNOS targeted to the plasmalemma releases greater amounts of NO compared with Golgi tethered eNOS [ 13] and the increased amount of NO produced greatly influenced the mechanisms implicated in NO effects (cGMP-dependent signaling versus S-nitrosylation of target proteins with high and low concentrations of NO, respectively; see below) [ 14].
Then, the program is used to simulate tethered aerostat breakaway characteristics, including ascent and descent behaviors, flight altitude, flight duration, and the influence of the discharge valve characteristics, ascent velocity and hull volume on the hull overpressure.
Their ability to prevent autophagosome maturation is not therefore dependent on incorporation into the autophagosome membrane, raising the possibility that NSP6 may influence early events in autophagosome formation that occur while the phagophore is still tethered to the ER.
In this paper, we have designed the first model experimental system for systematically analyzing the influence of geometry on the self-assembly of 200 and 500 µm cubes and octahedra from tethered, multi-component, two-dimensional (2D) nets.
Behavioral biologist Henrik Mouritsen of the University of Oldenburg in Germany and neurobiologist Barrie Frost of Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, tethered butterflies in a specially crafted flight simulator that uses airflow from underneath to spur hours of flying without influencing which way the butterflies headed.
