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We used special methodology to handle the unusual problems that arise in power simulations when the tests under study are permutation tests.
4 34 39 The extent of follow-up failure was reported as a proportion of inpatients 4 20 33 34 or of tests under study.
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The sub-optimal performance of each test under study prompted us to evaluate their combination in parallel.
Obviously, our clinical diagnosis comprises the test under study which may introduce bias.
For future analyses the most appropriate model will depend on the hypothesis to be tested, the cognitive test under study and the study design.
Published guidelines recommend that pilot studies be undertaken to allow trial protocols to be tested under study conditions prior to evaluation in a full randomised controlled trial.
Limitations in the design and conduct of the study may lead to overestimation of the accuracy of the test under study [ 5, 6].
The advantage of this method is that it allows clinicians to estimate how changing thresholds will alter the diagnostic utility of the test under study.
This allows us to determine both PPV and NPV of the index test under study, as well as its sensitivity and specificity.
A DOR = 1 indicates that the test under study has no diagnostic value; a DOR >1 indicates that the test under study (in this case, the new MRI criteria) has the ability to discriminate between lymph nodes with and without metastasis.
Although the findings of such analyses should be regarded mainly as hypothesis generating, statistical significance may suggest substantial changes in the diagnostic performance of the test under study as the covariate changes.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com