Sentence examples for tests of substitution from inspiring English sources

Tests of substitution rate differences between groups were conducted as follows.

Although tests of substitution rates in the sperm whale mitogenome have been conducted previously (Lyrholm et al. 1996; Whitehead 1998), these tests were limited to only a fraction of the mitogenome.

The alignment was then submitted to the test of substitution saturation [63] available in DAMBE [64].

Our pooling model is deliberately vague (i.e., general) in order to provide a generous test of substitution.

Thus, using Kumar and Gadagkar [ 39] disparity test of substitution pattern homogeneity rate, we showed that variations are generally low at the trnL-F intergenic spacer region.

Among widely used methods are likelihood ratio tests of codon substitution models, which detect selection on the protein sequence using the comparison of nonsynonymous (amino-acid altering) and synonymous (amino-acid preserving) substitution rates (for review see [ 37]).

The distribution of normalized substitution rates (r) provides a test of whether substitution rates are uniform throughout a genome.

To test the degree of substitution saturation we used the test of Xia et al. [ 52], as implemented in the software package DAMBE [ 53].

Our method of estimating ti/ tv for subsamples of the data is convenient for this purpose, and provides a simple internal test of the substitution process.

A likelihood ratio test of nucleotide substitution rate constancy across lineages indicated that our data rejected a constant molecular clock model (P = 4.06 × 10−20).

ZooPhy contains a workflow of webservices that includes: sequence alignment via ClustalW [ 37, 38], testing of DNA substitution models via jModeltest [ 39, 40], creation of Bayesian phylogeographic trees via BEAST [ 13, 41], and selection of the maximum clade credibility (MCC) tree via TreeAnnotator [ 41].