Sentence examples for tests of causality from inspiring English sources

Although cross-sectional studies are important first steps in evaluating the cardiovascular effects of environmental exposures, prospective studies ultimately will provide more rigorous tests of causality.

The suggestion that we examine possible coincidence of recombination junctions with special sequences such as replication origins is interesting, but without tests of causality it is not clear that much meaning can be attached to it.

The proposed pedagogical rule extraction technique is a two-step test of causality and Pearson correlation for the network inference between the causal gene expression inputs and their predicted outputs.

This test of causality fails in two regards.

We therefore argue for the importance of examining within-country effects as they provide a more stringent test of causality.

Data collected in North America more often adopted a predictive research design in which HR practices data is collected at time 0 and performance data is collected at time 1, allowing the testing of causality.

Experimental models of IUGR are needed to allow direct testing of causality and interventions, and have benefits in reducing both confounding by comorbidities such as prematurity, and variation due to environment and genetics.

Alternatively, counterbalancing instructors who are blind to the research hypotheses across groups that are randomly assigned to mental mathematics and control conditions would be a more stringent test of causality, but would greatly reduce the ecological validity of such a study.

34 Undoubtedly, controlled trials are the best test of causality.

Undoubtedly, controlled trials are the best test of causality.

In addition to testing of causality by Mendelian randomization studies [29], any trials of potential IL-18 antagonists would be of interest although we know of no such drugs currently in clinical trials.