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Test for Hardy-Weinberg (HW) proportions was performed by chi-square exact tests implemented in the PLINK (v. 0.99r) [33] on all heterozygous markers in cases and control subjects of each Scandinavian sample.
Forth, we evaluated of some of the most promising measures through 11 pilot field tests implemented in various countries.
Incongruence among the MP trees was determined using Templeton and Kishino-Hasegawa tests implemented in PAUP.
Haplotype-based association analysis was used to perform regression-based omnibus haplotype frequency tests and haplotype-specific tests, implemented in WHAP.
Regarding MDL1, the result of the McDonald-Kreitman test is corroborated by the maximum likelihood tests implemented in the PAML and HyPhy analysis.
We also used Fisher's exact tests implemented in GENEPOP v3.4 to test the populations for linkage disequilibrium between all pairs of loci.
Fisher's exact tests implemented in the PLINK software[70] were used to test individual SNPs for allelic associations with case-control status and to confirm Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the control group only.
For SA tests implemented in STRUCTURE & STRAT, 40 of 240 loci were first randomly selected from 9 ENCODE regions (excluding the region containing the causal locus) with minor allele frequencies>0.01 in the simulated structured populations.
Departures from Hardy-Weinberg (HW) proportions were tested by exact probability tests implemented in ARLEQUIN v.3.5 with 1 million forecasted chain lengths and 10,000 dememorization steps [33].
We assumed that evidence for recombination would be accepted if significant (p<0.001) evidence for the same recombination event was demonstrated with at least 2 tests implemented in the RDP program.
The topologies were compared using 'Approximately Unbiased' (AU) tests implemented in the program Consel 1.19 [ 55].
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