Studies will be included based on their ability to provide data that enable testing of the programme theory.
In line with the realist evaluation approach, cases were purposively selected to allow testing of the programme theory propositions and to improve our understanding of why programmes work for some and not for others [ 15].
Strengths of the study include a high population reach and uptake in communities across the demographic spectrum, careful pilot testing of the programme's protocol to ensure acceptability and feasibility, random allocation to groups, excellent uptake and retention, blinding of outcome assessment, and large sample size (a weakness in the literature for trials of childhood language 34).
The ability to identify take-home earnings on a payslip, correct an invoice, decide which grocery items are better value for money and assess the financial benefits of a loan are among the skills examined in the financial-literacy test of the Programme for International Student Assessment, or PISA.
A test of the programme capability using a detailed vegetation map from southern Sweden shows that simulations using OPENLAND3 produce coherent results.
Trained midwives take Pap-tests of the programme in 19 clinics all over Estonia and cytological analyses are made in 7 laboratories.
Pilot testing of the training programme with the participation of the trainers from the four receiving countries revealed a significant level of satisfaction among most of the participants.
Ignoring tests outside of the programme and allowing for more testing exactly at age 25 years, we estimate that the difference that is attributable to the different policies is 119 108 (Table 3).
We focused on three outcomes, measured through audited medical records and laboratory tests: completion of the programme, continued alcohol and drug misuse, and occupational status at five years.
The cost of the second HIV test for the programme is likely to be less than US$3.33, as the infrastructure already exists, however, for convenience, we have considered US$3.33 for second test also to account for personnel time and cost.
