The system consisted of two identical closed greenhouses (44 m2 floor area each) that were sealed against air infiltration and tested on the occurrence of air leakage and unwanted CO2 sources with the help of tracer gases.
In such a situation, a statistical test of the occurrence of human-to-human transmission is still meaningful because the likelihood ratio test statistic is still estimable from the permuted datasets.
Later, Albert et al.[ 37] evaluated the extent of hybridization and tested for the occurrence of hybrids beyond the first generations, using 376 AFLP markers.
Here we propose the application of network analysis to test for the occurrence of present day hybridization between the two species of brown algae Fucus spiralis and F. vesiculosus.
With respect to non-African populations, we tested for the occurrence of bottlenecks of varying intensities (βOoA, being the ratio between the population sizes before and after the bottleneck event), including the constant size model (βOoA = 1) (Figure 3C).
Therefore, we also tested for the occurrence of a group of covarying markers (which we refer to as a "polygenic approach") among the 138 body shape QTL that differentiated the two species among the five lakes (see the section Results).
The comparison of M8 versus M8A provides a (likelihood ratio) test for the occurrence of positive selection (identified when at least some sites exhibit a ω > 1).
Estimation of the variance among replicates on the phenotypic changes of traits throughout the study allowed us to test for the occurrence of stochastic effects (i.e. genetic drift) on evolutionary changes.
To test for the occurrence of positive selection during the evolution of C4-specific NADP-me, three codon models were optimized using the software codeml, implemented in the PAML package (Yang 2007).
Finally, another limitation of our model is that a phantom simulator cannot test for the occurrence of a hemothorax.
