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Dioptric insufficiency (accommodative lag) that remains equal at various testing distances from the subject indicates a sensory/neurologic (afferent), defect, whereas accommodative insufficiency changing with distance indicates a mechanical/restrictive (efferent) defect, such as in presbyopia.
As annotated, the images at all testing distances from 10 mm to 125 mm can be distinguished.
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Images subtended 9.4° of visual angle vertically and 12.4° of visual angle horizontally from the testing distance.
Viewing was binocular with full optical corrections; presbyopic observers were given an extra plus 0.25D lens to compensate for the testing distance (4 m) when necessary.
Each dot subtended 3 arcmin in diameter and was centered in its corresponding cell (6 arcmin ×6 arcmin); the entire dot stimulus field subtended 1° by 1° at a testing distance of 4 m.
At a testing distance of 40 cm, they subtended approximately 13 by 13° of visual angle.
Because of the nature of the stimulus, PERG examination should be performed with optimal visual acuity at the testing distance.
For example, the Vision in Preschoolers (VIP) group has recommended 1.5 m testing distance when screening is conducted by nurses or lay screeners 2 which is much shorter than the 4 m distance employed in the B4 School Check vision screening.
We also tested distances based on the PAM250 matrix, but the results were inferior (Berger et al., 2008).
A recent study confirmed that the minimal difference of importance for 6-minute walk test distances among patients with chronic heart failure is around 36 metres [ 18].
To assess the extent of this coverage bias, we tested distances between gene pairs, defined based on the de novo assembly results, for 745 known bidirectional promoters containing gene pairs annotated to be within 1 kb distance from one another.
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