Critics of testing contend it distracts from learning.
Critics of achievement testing contend that Potomac and similar scandals suggest that basic education is being subsumed by a process of relentless testing and ranking of schools based on material values that veer far from scholarship.
Advocates of expanded testing contend that it is also cost-effective: testing may cost from $20 to $50 per newborn, they say, but babies left undiagnosed could require hundreds of thousands of dollars in medical care over a lifetime.
The case in support of HIV self-testing contends that: the modality is highly acceptable, especially among the most at-risk individuals; self-testing empowers users, thus helping to normalize testing; and mutual partner testing has the potential to increase awareness of risk and avert condomless sex between discordant partners.
An extensive study of phytoliths in grasses from the Neotropics by Pearsall et al. (J. Archaeol. Sci. 30 (2003) 611), including a blind test, contending to support the identification of Zea at the genus level and distinguish maize and teosinte in archaeological sediments and soils, is examined.
Urging an end to H-bomb testing, and contending that such tests could not really be kept secret from the world's scientists, Stevenson found the president unyielding, and former president Truman had "no comment" on the matter.
Overturning a lower court ruling that drew national attention, a federal appeals court in Virginia has refused to allow a man who was convicted 12 years ago of sex crimes to have DNA tests he contends would exonerate him.
But teachers' unions have fought to make sure evaluations do not rely too heavily on testing data, contending that the data are prone to errors.
Critics of standardized tests, who contend that both paper and computerized tests are flawed in determining intellectual ability, also argue that computerized exams put people unaccustomed to the technology at a disadvantage.
The court must still rule on test cases contending that thimerosal-containing vaccines alone could have caused autism, a theory that medical authorities have long dismissed as contrary to the evidence.
Nocsae, a trade group staffed partly and financed largely by the helmet industry, forbids the dissemination of test data, contending that the numbers can imply safety properties that may not exist.
