But Judge Lamberth wrote that the "undisputed historical interest" in the testimony, among other factors, far outweighed "the need to maintain the secrecy of the records".
The authority of testimony, among the candidate sources, is considered by some to have special religious importance.
Furthermore, all testimony refers, at least implicitly, to some specific group and the social bond that supports the activity of giving and receiving testimony among its members.
In an effort to corroborate testimony among cooperators, prosecutors have asked several witnesses to describe their first meeting with El Chapo.
Their testimony, among others, bolstered support for a bill from state Sen. Connie Leyva (D-Chino) to eliminate California's current 10-year statute of limitations on most rape cases.
In Missouri, grand juries consist of 12 county citizens who meet in secret and review evidence presented by the prosecutor including such things as forensic tests, reports, and witness testimony among others.
When called to the stand, Bill Richard's testimony was among the most memorable, the most gut-wrenching, even among a litany of victims telling heartbreaking stories of the violence wreaked upon them.
The jury in Ms Pao's case were apparently not moved by her testimony that, among other "small indignities", women were excluded from a dinner with Al Gore on the excuse that they "kill the buzz".
Their testimony is among the first independent accounts of the Nigerian military's offensive, and they spoke of indiscriminate bombing and shooting, unexplained civilian deaths, nighttime roundups of young men by security forces.
Comey has already submitted written testimony that, among other bombshells, confirms that Trump asked him to lay off the FBI's investigation into former national security adviser Michael Flynn.
