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The model is tested using observational data for the period 1968 2000.
In this paper, a new algorithm of satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) ionospheric delay correction is proposed and tested using observational data at 18 GPS stations.
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Even though a causal assumption cannot be tested in isolation using observational data, a set of causal assumptions can yield predictions that can be tested using such data [ 14].
The IV assumptions, that can be checked using observational data, were checked by testing the unadjusted associations between genotype and the covariates.
Daily functioning was assessed using observational data and no balance test or muscle strength test was performed.
Scientists continue to study various aspects of evolutionary biology by forming and testing hypotheses, constructing mathematical models of theoretical biology and biological theories, using observational data, and performing experiments in both the field and the laboratory.
By testing the correlational predictions and assuming no false independencies (faithfulness assumption), one can sometimes orient edges using observational data alone [ 31- 39].
Two of the studies [ 20, 21] reviewed tested the 'reverse causality' hypothesis and excluded this as an explanation; however, this relationship is complex and difficult to explicate using observational data.
Answering this question using observational data is not easy.
In this paper we present a strategy for correcting model deficiency using observational data.
The membership functions are established by using observational data on the solar storm, interplanetary and geomagnetic disturbance data in 1966 1982.
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