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We additionally tested the selection hypothesis over 5-year intervals (i.e., from phase 3 to phase 5 and from phase 5 to phase 7) using multilevel longitudinal modeling (xtmixed and xtlogit procedures in Stata) with robust estimation to take into account the fact that repeated measurements on the same participant are correlated.
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The airline tested the selections on some regular Delta flights.
The optimum environment in which to test the selection candidates for a given breeding objective was derived.
For testing the selection hypothesis in adults, adult survival rates were estimated in Comack-Jolly-Seber mark recapture models.
Secondly, we test the selection hypothesis in adults by investigating LLR-, LR- and LRR-specific survival rates in each of the 12 ponds.
All of these systems behave in ways that are consistent with the selection model, but they make it hard to identify the essential intermediates, determine their growth rates, and test the selection model.
To test the selection pressure of organelle protein-coding genes, ratio of nonsynonymous (Ka) versus synonymous substitution (Ks) was analyzed, which suggested a strong negative selection might have occurred in Nannochloropsis organelles.
To test the selection intensity, the ratios of dN/dS were calculated for each pairwise comparison, and two-sided Z-test was used to determine the level of significance.
To test the selection-only model, a simpler system is examined, whose behavior was originally attributed to stress-induced mutagenesis (Yang et al. 2001, 2006).
Among all chemostat and batch selection strategies tested, the best selection strategy to obtain highly improved multiple-stress-resistant yeast was found to be batch selection for freezing thawing stress.
And more importantly, when the true generating model is included in the set of models being tested, the model selection tests choose the true generating model.
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