For testing of association with quantitative traits, we used a rank test of traits values that first order them according to their value irrespective of the genetic variant at the given position (or the haplogroup assignment).
Taxon sampling has been shown to affect the performance of statistical tests of trait associations [53].
Tests of trait-habitat relationships showed that canopy-nesters and bark- and foliage- insectivores required high levels of residual trees of low burn severity, with the feeding guilds showing affinity for different stand composition.
More recently, attention has focused on functional testing of traits of scientific and potential commercial interest.
Apply a standard trend test of quantitative trait association with each SNP on the GWA chip, and record the minimum Sidak-corrected P-value to account for multiple comparisons.
This is an important point to remember when testing theories of trait allocation and vital rates, as focusing on a narrow life-history range (e.g., saplings or canopy adults), may affect the power, and even the direction of inference.
"Most of us would love to have a reliable predictive test of behavioral traits," said Dr. James Serpell, an associate professor of animal welfare at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine.
Descriptive statistical parameters (Additional file 2), variances and normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) of phenotypic traits were obtained using UNIVARIATE and GLM with the RANDOM option procedure of SAS Statistical Analysis Systemm, version 9.1.3, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA).
Questions were developed by the Admissions Committee and were intended to test for traits of altruism, understanding of professionalism, and reflection/self-assessment (Table 1).
