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In fact, the F test from the analysis of variance is equivalent to the t test of the gradient for regression with only one predictor.
Following the lines of the test of the gradient in regression, with some fairly minor modifications and using large sample approximations, we obtain a χ2 statistic with 1 degree of freedom given by [ 5]: For the data in Table 8, we obtain a test statistic of 19.33 with 1 degree of freedom and a P value of less than 0.001.
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Wear tests of the gradient coating reveal good adhesive friction and wear properties when sliding against steel under dry conditions.
It is the first experimental test of the stress-gradient hypothesis under pollen limitation stress, showing how we can further our understanding of plant-plant interactions with a new perspective.
The finite element analysis results were verified through experimental modal testing of the same gradient coil in a free free state (no boundary constraints).
Gradient on the simulated kariz tunnel and the water table was generally 1 1000, except during the tests on effects of the gradient and contact length of kariz with water table on kariz discharge.
Despite some studies testing for the competitive superiority of invasive plants over native plants under a range of environmental conditions (Powell and Knight 2009; Molina-Montenegro et al. 2012; Franzese and Ghermandi 2014), the competitive relationships between these two groups of species have rarely been tested along the gradient of competitor densities (but see Leger and Espeland 2010).
To quantify decreases in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for given deterioration in clinical measures of vision; to describe the shape of these relationships; and to test whether the gradients of these relationships change with duration of visual loss.
The objective of this study was to test for linearity or non-linearity of the gradient in vegetation structure, composition and diversity of the understorey of an abandoned Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden plantation located between a cerrado stricto sensu and a semideciduous forest to provide insights for restoration.
This can be tested by carrying out similar calculations to those used in regression for testing the gradient of a line (see Statistics review 7 [ 1]).
Wolbachia incidence between the northern and southern halves of the gradient was then tested through Fisher's exact test on the numbers of species with infected individuals versus species without infected individuals.
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