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Skin wrinkling on water immersion is a reliable and simple test of sympathetic innervation.
Our use of a modified version of the Ewing's battery of tests was a notable study limitation: we omitted a second test of sympathetic function, the BP response to isometric exercise, whereby the patient is instructed to grasp a dynamometer and sustain a fixed, isometric contraction for 3 min at 30% maximum effort.
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The first three tests mainly investigate parasympathetic damage, while the latter two tests evaluate damage of sympathetic system.
Testing for sympathetic responses to noxious stimulation was conducted at regular intervals to assess the depth of anesthesia.
As there is evidence in hypertension that target organ damage is associated with increased sympathetic drive, this study was designed to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of sympathetic hyperactivity in PE is greater than that in PIH.
Density of sympathetic nerve fibers decreases in inflamed arthritic tissue, tested by immunoreactivity towards tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH).
Objective: Density of sympathetic nerve fibers decreases in inflamed arthritic tissue tested by immunoreactivity towards tyrosine-hydroxylase (TH, catecholaminergic key enzyme).
140 This is presumed to be due to induction of sympathetic outflow by leptin, though this possibility has not been directly tested.
These findings suggest that different stressors induce different patterns of sympathetic activation and that acute stress is unlikely to affect the results of DEX/CRH test.
To test our hypotheses, we compared a clinical sample with burnout with a healthy reference sample on indices of sympathetic activity, parasympathetic activity, and HPA axis activity.
Tilt table test is one of the most well-established test for the assessment of cardiovascular autonomic function[9], while autonomic blockade data offers the unique possibility of studying the influence of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity separately[3].
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com